Understanding the European A2 License: What American Riders Need to Know

An a2 motorbike license is a mid-tier European motorcycle license that allows riders aged 19 or older to operate motorcycles with a maximum power output of 35kW (47bhp) and a power-to-weight ratio not exceeding 0.2kW/kg. This license is part of Europe’s staged licensing system, which differs significantly from the single motorcycle endorsement most Americans are familiar with.

Key A2 License Requirements at a Glance:

• Minimum Age: 19 years old
• Maximum Power: 35kW (47bhp)
• Power-to-Weight Ratio: Up to 0.2kW/kg
• Minimum Engine Size: 245cc (for test purposes)
• Training Required: Compulsory Basic Training (CBT), theory test, and two-part practical test (Module 1 and Module 2)
• Benefits: Carry passengers, ride on motorways, no learner plates required
• Progression: After 2 years with an A2 license, riders can upgrade to an unrestricted A license

If you’re planning a European motorcycle adventure in 2026, understanding Europe’s tiered licensing system is crucial. Unlike the US single endorsement, European countries use a graduated approach (AM, A1, A2, A). The A2 license is the middle tier, offering a sweet spot for riders who want more than a 125cc but don’t need an unrestricted bike.

The European system seems complex compared to the simple “M” endorsement back home, but it’s designed for safety: riders start small and gain experience through testing. For Americans on extended stays, this means navigating new rules, training, and power restrictions that don’t exist stateside.

I’m Sonny Da Badger, and I’ve spent years helping riders steer the motorcycle world, from my time at Bert’s Black Widow Harley Davidson in Port Charlotte, Florida, to building the Support Bikers community. Understanding licensing systems like the a2 motorbike license is essential for any American planning to ride internationally, and I’m here to break it down in plain English. We too were curious as well, since we will be traveling to Ireland to ride this summer.

Before your next ride, ensure you’re prepared for the unexpected. Learn how you can support fellow riders in need through the Wrecked Rider Fund.

Decoding Europe’s Tiered Licensing: What Americans Need to Know

For American riders, Europe’s tiered motorcycle license system is a world away from our single endorsement. In the US, one license generally covers any bike, from a sportbike to a touring cruiser. Europe’s system is fundamentally different.

Europe prioritizes gradual progression for safety, with license categories based on age and experience. This system is standardized across many EU countries like the UK, France, Germany, and Spain. For any long-term stay, you’ll need to steer these new rules, as it’s more complex than simply converting your US license.

This tiered system ensures that riders gain experience on lower-powered machines before graduating to more potent motorcycles. It involves specific training, a theory test, and practical tests for each stage. For instance, in the UK, even before you start aiming for an A1, A2, or A license, you’ll likely need to complete Compulsory Basic Training (CBT), which is a foundational course. The rules are laid out clearly in documents like The Official Highway Code, which is essential reading for anyone riding in the UK.

From Endorsement to Tiers: A New Set of Rules

The main challenge for Americans is shifting from a single endorsement to Europe’s age-based, power-restricted categories. A US license with an International Driving Permit (IDP) works for short-term tourism, but for long-term stays, you’ll need an EU-recognized license. The EU divides licenses into AM (mopeds), A1 (light), A2 (medium), and A (unrestricted), each with specific age, power, and power-to-weight ratio limits. This staged approach aims to reduce accidents by matching rider skill to machine capability. For those planning to live and ride in countries like Finland, Austria, or Belgium in 2026, understanding this framework is essential, as it dictates what you can ride and how you get licensed.

Progressive vs. Direct Access Explained

When navigating the European licensing maze, you’ll frequently encounter the terms “Progressive Access” and “Direct Access.” These are the two main pathways to obtaining higher-tier licenses like the A2 or the full, unrestricted A license.

Progressive Access is the step-by-step route. You might start with an A1 license at 17, hold it for two years, then test to upgrade to an A2 at 19. After another two years on an A2, you can test again for a full A license at 21. This path builds skill and confidence gradually.

Direct Access, on the other hand, lets older riders go straight for a higher license. For the full, unrestricted A license, you can use this route if you’re 24 or older, bypassing the A1 and A2 stages. This is often the best path for experienced American riders who meet the age requirement and want to ride any bike without delay.

Navigating new rules is part of the adventure, but so is being prepared for anything. Support the riding community by checking out the Wrecked Rider Fund.

The A2 Motorbike License: Your Mid-Tier Ticket to Ride

Now, let’s talk about the star of our show: the a2 motorbike license. This is often the sweet spot for many riders, especially those who want to enjoy more powerful bikes than a 125cc, but aren’t yet eligible for the full A license, or simply don’t need the maximum power. It’s an excellent stepping stone that offers a significant upgrade in riding capability.

With an A2 license, you gain a lot of freedom that might surprise an American rider used to learner restrictions. You can carry a pillion passenger, cruise down Europe’s legendary motorways, and best of all, ditch those “L” plates that mark you as a learner. It truly feels like proper riding, with a wider range of motorcycles at your disposal. For 2026, if you’re planning extensive European tours or a longer stay, this license offers a fantastic balance of accessibility and capability.

What is an a2 motorbike license?

An a2 motorbike license is an intermediate category in Europe’s tiered system, bridging the gap between the A1 and unrestricted A licenses. It allows you to ride a motorcycle with a power output up to 35kW (47BHP) and a power-to-weight ratio not exceeding 0.2kW/kg. For test purposes, the bike needs at least a 245cc engine. Once you pass, you’re no longer a learner. This means you can ditch the “L” plates, carry a passenger, and hit the motorways—a real taste of riding freedom on European roads.

A2 License Power and Bike Restrictions

The restrictions for the a2 motorbike license are primarily focused on power output and the power-to-weight ratio. These are crucial to understand when selecting a bike or preparing for your test.

The maximum power output for an A2-compliant motorcycle is 35kW (47bhp). This is a hard limit. You cannot ride a motorcycle that produces more power than this. However, it’s not just about the raw power; the power-to-weight ratio is equally important. This ratio must not exceed 0.2kW/kg. This prevents riders from taking a very lightweight bike and restricting its engine slightly to meet the 35kW limit, effectively creating a much faster, potentially more dangerous machine than intended for the A2 category. For example, if you’re riding a bike at the 47bhp limit, it would need to weigh at least 175kg to meet the power-to-weight ratio.

Another vital rule often overlooked by American riders is that the motorcycle you use for an A2 license (or ride with one) must not be derived from a vehicle that originally produced more than double its restricted power. Since the maximum A2 power is 35kW (47bhp), this means the unrestricted version of the bike cannot have produced more than 70kW (94bhp). So, you can’t take a superbike that originally made 150bhp, restrict it to 47bhp, and ride it on an A2 license. This rule ensures that even restricted bikes still align with the “medium-sized” philosophy of the A2 category.

Many manufacturers offer A2-compliant bikes directly from the factory, or provide official restriction kits for certain models. These kits typically involve modifications to the engine’s ECU or throttle body to limit power. If you’re using a restricted motorcycle for your test, you must be able to provide official proof of this restriction on headed paper from a main dealer, official importer, or a recognized specialist. A simple dyno test certificate alone won’t cut it. For the test itself, the bike you use must have a minimum power of 20kW (27bhp) and a maximum of 35kW (47bhp), and a displacement of at least 395cc (though the displacement rule has been updated to 245cc for UK tests).

Choosing the right bike is key, but so is having a safety net. See how the Wrecked Rider Fund helps bikers get back on their feet.

How to Get Your A2 License: A Step-by-Step Guide

Obtaining your a2 motorbike license in Europe, especially if you’re coming from the US, involves a structured process that combines theoretical knowledge with practical riding skills. It’s not just about showing up and riding; it’s a journey through training and testing.

Pre-Test Requirements: CBT and Theory

Before you can even think about the practical riding tests for your A2 license, you’ll need to complete two crucial prerequisites: Compulsory Basic Training (CBT) and the motorcycle theory test.

Compulsory Basic Training (CBT) is a foundational course required in the UK for anyone wanting to ride a motorcycle or moped on public roads as a learner. It’s typically a one-day course that covers basic motorcycle handling, road safety, and legal requirements. While it’s not a test you can “fail,” you must satisfactorily complete all five elements of the training. Once completed, a CBT certificate allows you to ride a 125cc motorcycle (with L-plates) for up to two years. Even if you’re aiming for an A2 license, the CBT is usually the first step, providing essential skills and allowing you to practice before formal A2 training. The cost for a CBT course typically ranges from $160 to $200.

The motorcycle theory test is a separate assessment that gauges your knowledge of road rules, traffic signs, and hazard perception. It’s similar in concept to the written test you’d take for a car license, but with motorcycle-specific questions. In the UK, the theory test costs around $29. This test has two parts: multiple-choice questions and a hazard perception test. You’ll need to pass both parts to get your theory test certificate, which is usually valid for two years. This certificate is a prerequisite for booking your practical A2 tests.

The Two-Part Practical Test for the a2 motorbike license

Once you’ve got your CBT certificate and passed your theory test, you’re ready for the main event: the practical riding tests. These are typically broken down into two modules.

Module 1: The Off-Road Maneuvers
This module is conducted in a controlled, off-road environment, usually a large paved area at a test center. It assesses your ability to handle the motorcycle at low speeds and perform specific maneuvers. You’ll need to demonstrate proficiency in:

• Wheeling the machine and putting it on its stand.
• Slalom and figure-of-eight exercises (testing balance and control).
• A slow ride (maintaining balance at very low speed).
• A U-turn (in a confined space).
• Cornering and controlled stop (showing progressive braking).
• An emergency stop (stopping quickly and safely from a minimum speed).
• Hazard avoidance (swerving to avoid an obstacle at a minimum speed of 31mph).

The Module 1 test in the UK costs about $19. It focuses on precision and control, and it’s where many riders get a feel for the bike’s limits.

Module 2: The On-Road Assessment
After successfully passing Module 1, you can move on to Module 2, which is the real-world riding test. This module assesses your ability to ride safely and competently on public roads. The test typically lasts around 40 minutes and includes:

• An eyesight check (reading a number plate from 20 meters).
• Vehicle safety questions (often referred to as “show me, tell me” questions, asking you to demonstrate or explain checks on your motorcycle).
• General road riding, where the examiner follows you, observing your adherence to traffic laws, road positioning, and overall riding style.
• Independent riding, where you’ll be asked to follow signs or verbal directions for a portion of the test, demonstrating your ability to steer without constant instruction.

The Module 2 test in the UK costs around $95 on a weekday and $112 on weekends or evenings. This is the culmination of your training, proving you can handle your a2 motorbike license-compliant machine safely and confidently in various traffic conditions. For more detailed insights into the official requirements for these tests, you can always refer to the Official UK government guidance on motorcycle tests.

Passing your test is a major milestone. Stay safe on the road and be ready to help others. Find out more about the Wrecked Rider Fund.

A2 vs. Other European Licenses: Making the Right Choice

Deciding which European motorcycle license is right for you, especially as an American, comes down to age, experience, and what kind of riding you envision for your 2026 European adventures. The A2 license is a fantastic option, but it’s helpful to understand where it fits in the broader scheme of things compared to the A1 and the full A license.

License Category	Minimum Age	Max Power (kW/bhp)	Max Engine Size (cc)	Power/Weight Ratio	Typical Bike Examples	Key Permissions
AM	16	4kW (5.4bhp)	50cc	N/A	Mopeds, light quadricycles	Learners/commuters on low-speed vehicles
A1	17	11kW (14.7bhp)	125cc	0.1kW/kg	125cc commuter bikes	Ride without L-plates, carry pillion, motorways
A2	19	35kW (47bhp)	N/A (min 245cc for test)	0.2kW/kg	Restricted 300-650cc bikes, some factory 47bhp models	Ride without L-plates, carry pillion, motorways
A	24 (Direct) / 21 (Progressive)	Unlimited	Unlimited	N/A	Any motorcycle	Ride any motorcycle, unrestricted

The A1 License: The First Rung

The A1 license, available from age 17, is the entry point for younger riders. It permits riding light motorcycles up to 125cc and 11kW (14.7bhp), with a power-to-weight ratio cap of 0.1kW/kg. While this may seem restrictive to Americans, it’s great for city commuting and gaining experience. An A1 license allows you to ride without L-plates, carry a passenger, and use motorways. For younger riders moving to Europe, it’s the first step to getting on the road.

The Unrestricted A License: The Ultimate Goal

The full, unrestricted A license is the ultimate goal, equivalent to a standard US endorsement. It allows you to ride any motorcycle without restrictions. There are two paths to get it:

1. Direct Access: If you’re 24 or older, you can train and test directly for the A license on a large motorcycle (at least 595cc and 50kW). This is the fastest route for mature, experienced riders.
2. Progressive Access: This route involves getting your A2 license at 19, holding it for two years, and then taking a practical test to upgrade to the full A license at age 21. This path builds on the experience gained with the a2 motorbike license.

Whatever license you choose, ride with peace of mind. Join us in supporting injured riders through the Wrecked Rider Fund.

Frequently Asked Questions about the A2 License for Americans

We know this is a lot to take in, especially with the differences from what we’re used to back in the States. Let’s tackle some of the most common questions American riders have about the a2 motorbike license and riding in Europe.

As a US tourist, do I need an A2 license to ride in Europe?

This is a critical question for many American riders dreaming of a European tour in 2026. For short-term tourism, generally speaking, you do not need an A2 license. Your valid US state-side motorcycle endorsement, coupled with an International Driving Permit (IDP), is usually sufficient for renting and riding motorcycles in most European countries. The IDP essentially translates your US license into multiple languages, making it recognizable to local authorities. Apply for a International Driving Permit (IDP) through authorized agencies like AAA or AATA. Application is typically $20 and requires two passport sized photos and a copy of your valid United States License. To get this quickly, visit a AAA near you.

However, there are caveats:

• Rental Company Policies: Always check with the specific rental company. Some may have their own age restrictions or require a certain level of experience that might align more with EU license categories.
• Country-Specific Rules: While the IDP is widely accepted, it’s always wise to double-check the specific requirements for each country you plan to visit. While the EU has harmonized licensing, local regulations can still vary slightly.
• Long-Term Stays/Residency: If you’re planning to move to Europe, work there, or stay for an extended period (typically more than 6-12 months, depending on the country), your US license and IDP will eventually expire or become invalid for local use. At that point, you’ll need to obtain a European license, such as an A2 or full A, depending on your age and riding needs. This is where the a2 motorbike license really comes into play for American expatriates.

What kind of protective gear is mandatory for the A2 test?

When you’re taking your A2 practical test in European countries like the UK, Ireland, or Finland, the emphasis on protective gear is serious. It’s not just a recommendation; it’s a mandatory requirement, and showing up without the correct kit will result in your test being canceled. No jokes, no exceptions. We want you to pass, so make sure you’re geared up!

Here’s what you’ll typically need:

• Approved Helmet: A properly fastened crash helmet that meets European safety standards (e.g., ECE 22.05 or ECE 22.06). If your helmet doesn’t have a visor, you’ll need to wear goggles.
• Riding Jacket: A motorcycle jacket with elbow and shoulder protectors. This isn’t just any jacket; it needs to offer proper impact protection.
• Riding Trousers: Motorcycle-specific trousers with knee protectors. Jeans, even sturdy ones, are usually not sufficient unless they are specifically designed as protective motorcycle jeans with armor.
• Protective Gloves: Motorcycle gloves with protectors.
• Motorcycle Boots: Sturdy riding boots that protect your ankles. They should be appropriate for motorcycling and offer good grip.

Many training schools will provide some or all of this gear if you don’t have your own, but it’s always best to check beforehand. If you’re planning to ride regularly in Europe, investing in your own high-quality, CE-approved gear is a smart move for safety and comfort.

Can I use my own American motorcycle for the A2 test if I ship it over?

While the idea of taking your beloved American cruiser to Europe for your A2 test might sound romantic, the reality is that it’s highly impractical and likely not feasible. Here’s why:

• Vehicle Compliance: Your American motorcycle is built to US standards, not European ones. This can include differences in lighting, emissions, and other technical specifications. Getting a US-spec bike to pass European type approval for registration can be a costly and time-consuming nightmare.
• Speedometer: For tests in the UK, your motorcycle’s speedometer must measure speed in miles per hour (mph). While many modern American bikes can switch between MPH and KPH, ensuring this functionality and its accuracy is crucial.
• L-Plate Requirements: For the test, and during your learning period, your motorcycle will need to display “L” plates (or their local equivalent) on both the front and rear. This might involve temporary mounts that could affect your bike’s aesthetics.
• Proof of Roadworthiness, Insurance, and Tax: Your bike must be fully roadworthy, insured, and taxed in the European country where you’re taking the test. Obtaining European insurance and registration for a US-spec bike can be complex.
• A2 Restrictions: Most American cruisers, especially those above 500cc, will likely exceed the 35kW (47bhp) A2 power limit. Restricting a large American engine to meet A2 requirements, and getting official proof of that restriction (which must come from a main dealer or official importer, not just a dyno report), is a significant hurdle if even possible for your specific model. The unrestricted power cannot be more than double the A2 limit (70kW/94bhp).

Given these challenges, it’s almost always more practical and cost-effective to use a motorcycle provided by the training school for your A2 test. These bikes are guaranteed to be compliant with all local regulations and test requirements, saving you a huge headache.

Proper planning prevents headaches, and so does having a support system when things go wrong. Contribute to a rider’s recovery by supporting the Wrecked Rider Fund.

Conclusion

So, there you have it, fellow riders. The a2 motorbike license might seem like a bureaucratic hurdle if you’re coming from the simpler US endorsement system, but it’s a vital part of Europe’s commitment to rider safety and progressive skill development. For any American planning an extended stay or a move to Europe in 2026, understanding this mid-tier license is crucial for open uping the incredible riding experiences that await you. From the winding roads of the Alps to the historic routes of England, Ireland, and Scotland, Europe offers a motorcycle paradise—but you need the right key to access it.

Ride Safe and Stay Informed

Riding abroad is an incredible experience, but it requires preparation. Understanding the A2 license is a key step for any American planning an extended stay or move to Europe. It represents a significant step up from learner bikes, offering the freedom of motorways and pillion passengers, all while providing a solid foundation for progressing to an unrestricted A license. For more resources and to connect with a community that has your back, follow Support Bikers for future updates.

No matter where you ride, unexpected things can happen. Be prepared and support fellow riders by checking out the Wrecked Rider Fund.